Action Pl Michael Watson - 975 Words

Action Plan: Michael Watson is put in a hard place after his meeting with Alan Mathews because they don’t agree on how the classes should be taught. As a new teacher, Watson needs to listen to the critiques that Mathews gave him, but he also needs to stick to his own philosophies as a teacher. It is important to understand that students learn in many different ways, so he needs to find a balance that will satisfy both Alan Mathews and himself. Watson needs to make sure that his teaching strategies are truly effective and then be able to portray to Mathew’s why his strategies are working for his students. Alan Mathew’s thinks Michael Watson’s class is too easy and that he is not challenging his students. He thinks the students are not doing all of the homework, which is leading to lengthy discussions on irrelevant topics. It is clear that not all the objectives are being meet in the class, thus there is a need for better classroom management. Overall , Alan Mathew’s wants to see Michael Watson as a more demanding teacher that challenges his student’s abilities to prepare them for college. To start, I would suggest that Michael Watson begins each unit or topic with a pre-test. Pre-tests allow teachers to evaluate what the students already know and checks to make sure that the lessons are actually challenging. After a pre-test is administered, teachers will gain a better understanding of how to construct valuable lessons that are within the students zone ofShow MoreRelatedWhat Motivates Employees According to over 40 Years of Motivation Surveys7793 Words   |  32 Pages 1990). The idea is that goal setting produces high performance. The basic premiss of goal setting theory is that an employee’s conscious intentions (goals) are primary determinants of taskrelated motivation since goals direct their thoughts and actions (Locke, 1968). Results of goal/self-regulation research indicate two critical preconditi ons of a positive goal-performance relationship: acceptance of the goal assignment and provisions for performance feedback. More recently, cybernetic control (LordRead Moredigital marketing impact on consumer buying behavior13654 Words   |  55 PagesCommunication on Customer Loyalty: An Integrative Model and Research Propositions Marketing February 2006 HELSINGIN KAUPPAKORKEAKOULU HELSINKI SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS WORKING PAPERS W-400 HELSINGIN KAUPPAKORKEAKOULU HELSINKI SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS PL 1210 FI-00101 HELSINKI FINLAND  © Marko Merisavo and Helsinki School of Economics ISSN 1235-5674 (Electronic working paper) ISBN-10: 952-488-006-7 ISBN-13: 978-952-488-009-1 Helsinki School of Economics HSE Print 2006 The Effects of DigitalRead MoreContemporary Issues in Management Accounting211377 Words   |  846 PagesServices, Pondicherry, India Printed in Great Britain on acid-free paper by Antony Rowe Ltd., Chippenham, Wiltshire ISBN 0–19–928335–4 978–0–19–928335–4 ISBN 0–19–928336–2 (Pbk.) 978–0–19–928336–1 (Pbk.) 1 3 5 7 9 10 8 6 4 2 3 FOREWORD ‘ Michael Bromwich is an exemplar of all that is good about the British tradition of academic accounting. Serious in intent, he has striven both to illuminate practice and to provide ways of improving it. Although always appealing to his economic understandings

The Hurricane Katrina Disaster And The Bp Oil Spill Tragedy

Abstract This essay relates ethical behavior in high-profile events, as well as examining various regulatory and sustainability market approaches to business environmental responsibilities. The paper focuses on two major occurrences; the Hurricane Katrina disaster and the BP oil spill tragedy. Hurricane Katrina entered into records as one of the worst disasters ever to hit the US, the storm is considered as the most disastrous and damaging in the US history in 2005. Well over 1800 people died in the hurricane disaster and the floods that followed the storm. Total assets believed to have been destroyed by Hurricane Katrina valued at over $80 billion USD. In such demanding times, the†¦show more content†¦Some factors give inspiration to leaders such as rationality, personality, and general administration. The decisions made by leaders were dependent of various political grounds of the affected areas by the storm while handling the disaster. The ethical approach has several ethical sides from which a leader ought to demure away. These includes favoritism, lying, bribery, personal gain and coproducing the physical environment. All leaders that intend to be seriously involved must consider all the ethical procedures aftermaths from the mentioned vices and ensure none o f them are reported. Ethical consideration played a huge role while making the decision for the critical moments of disaster management during Hurricane Katrina. Comprehensive analysis of the efficiency and ethical response reveal a lack of preparation to respond to this kind of disaster. The BP oil spill that happened in the Gulf of Mexico in April 2010 is the worst oil spill. The initial claim by BP oil was that 5000 barrels of oil were being liberated into the water, although they were saying not having any efficient method to measure the spill. However, other analysis firms have estimated about 54000 and 84000 barrels of oil were discharged per day into the water; the figures were widely supported and supported. Before proper measure was taken to seal up the discharge, the spill had lasted fro 87 days. Over 4 million barrels of oil were discharged into the Gulf of Mexico. In someShow MoreRelatedHurricane Katrina Research Paper2471 Words   |  10 PagesHurricane Katrina Hurricanes are powerful and dangerous storms that involve great rain and win. When a tropical storm has a wind speed greater than 75 miles per hour, it is considered a hurricane. The United States of America has dealt with many hurricanes that have cost a substantial amount of damage. However there is one hurricane that occurred in 2005 that stands out among the others, Hurricane Katrina. Hurricane Katrina was the deadliest and most destructive of the Atlantic Hurricanes duringRead MoreBritish Petroleum As A Company2382 Words   |  10 Pagescentury. British geologists discovered oil underneath Iran in 1908 and by 1909 the Anglo-Persian Oil Company (APOC) began drilling for the British government. APOC benefited from World War I as it was predicted all British naval ships will soon be converted from coal to oil and the company could spread further into Europe. Refineries were built in Whales, Scotland and were bought in France and Australia. In 1935, APOC was officially changed to A nglo-Iranian Oil Company (AIOC) due to Persia being referredRead MoreBPs Deepwater Horizon Accident in 20103098 Words   |  12 Pagesï » ¿BPs Deepwater Horizon accident in 2010 was one of the worst environmental disasters in history, and was also a public relations catastrophe for the company. This case demonstrates that corporate communications and public relations usually function well enough in routine situations, but tend to break down during crises and catastrophes. With BPs Gulf oil spill, just as with the meltdown of TEPCOs nuclear reactors in Fukushima, Japan, and the ongoing bribery and corruption scandal at Rupert MurdochsRead MoreLeadership in Crisis Situation1566 Words   |  7 PagesBritish Petroleum (BP) experienced a catastrophic explosion, resulting in 11 casualties, 15 serious injuries, and an uncontrolled discharge of crude oil into the Gulf of Mexico for the next 3 months. Countless number of livelihoods that relied on the gulf’s ecosystem was indelibly marred by the environmental disaster, costing billions in damages that are still being accounted more than 2 years later. During the crisis, many differing accounts of leadership emerged – US Gov’t, BP Execs, and the JICRead MoreHigher Ground: Marxism in DeLillos White Noise Essays1839 Words   |  8 Pagesand death. DeLillo’s White Noise brings modern-day capitalist societies’ incessant lifestyle disparity between active consumerists and those without the means to the forefront of the story’s plot. DeLillo’s setting uses a life altering man-made disaster in the suburban small-town of Blacksmith to shed light on the class conflict between the middle class (bourgeoisie) and the working poor (proletariat). After a tank car is punctured, an ominous cloud begins to loom over Jack Gladney and his familyRead MoreInternational Management67196 Words   |  269 Pagesso-called â€Å"Development† Round of multilateral trade negotiations und er the World Trade Organization, and the lagging support for some bilateral trade agreements pose additional challenges to global managers and multinational companies. In addition, the BP oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico has renewed calls for corporations to do more to protect the planet and governments to get tougher with companies in terms of oversight and accountability. The advent of social networking and other media has transformed the

Ptlls Learning Journal Day One Free Essays

The main points I have learnt from this session are: †¢Looking at ice breakers as a way of learners becoming more relaxed with each other and also as a way of beginning to interact with each other, ensuring that the topics are relevant to the learners and that they are not too controversial or likely to cause offence etc., they also encourage team work and inclusion †¢They are also a way of establishing trust within a group and reducing nervousness (apprehension) †¢We looked at training cycles and the various aspects such as identifying needs, planning and designing, delivering or facilitating, assessing and evaluating How could I develop my practical skills as a result of this session? †¢Be more conscious of the reactions of others and giving them an opportunity to express their opinions rather than doing all of the talking and making assumptions about what people are thinking †¢Planning and designing work or tasks that need to be carried out †¢Everyone has a different personal construct system and being aware of the skills and personal experience of others in terms of its impact on how they relate to others †¢Being aware of total communication from others i.e. We will write a custom essay sample on Ptlls Learning Journal Day One or any similar topic only for you Order Now verbal and non verbal communication as well as body language, look at mirroring people’s body language or having a more relaxed way of communicating information if relevant How could I develop my knowledge and understanding as a result of this session? †¢I could carry out further study on personal construct systems †¢Look at how transactional analysis impacts people †¢Look at various learning styles and when using them is most appropriate †¢Being aware of the checks and balances that are in place to see if learners are actually assimilating information, could be in the form of short quizzes at various stages in the course †¢Also receiving feedback could be feedback on course, feedback on lecturer, feedback on topic, feedback on venue (depending on if own venue or if hired venue). How to cite Ptlls Learning Journal Day One, Essay examples

Science vs Nature Sample Essay Example For Students

Science vs Nature Sample Essay The Birthmark† was a great narrative that written by Nathaniel Hawthorne. Throughout this epoch of history. huge development was being made in the part of scientific discipline and engineering. which lead to ground-breaking and enormous finds. It besides opened doors to legion of new subdivisions in the scientific field of research. The scientist. Aylmer. the cardinal character in The Birthmark. efforts to take his experimental survey to the upper limit of scientific discipline in a venture to run Nature. Aylmer becomes intensely enchanted in a battle which scientific discipline opposes nature in an attempt to derive control over nature. Aylmer awfully tries to bring forth a universe of perfection in his blemished universe. He engages in the clang of scientific discipline versus Nature. he thinks his feel fondness for scientific discipline can equal. his married woman Georgiana. Aylmer lives and works in a period in which scientific discipline is comparatively new and misunders tood at the clip. Science is described in this narrative as â€Å"mystical† and â€Å"mysterious† . with turn outing that the work Aylmer was making was good thought-out to be a sort of thaumaturgy or juju by the people with no sort of scientific civilization. Near the beginning of the narrative. Aylmer has been impregnated by the thought that important flawlessness has been within range through scientific discipline. This becomes the dynamic force following Aylmer’s motivations. With his matrimony to Georgiana. this driving force of flawlessness becomes an compulsion that takes over his head. Aylmer loved Georgiana profoundly but he could non digest her individual imperfectness. Georgiana was about perfect from the manus of Nature. but on her â€Å"left cheek there was a individual grade. deeply interwoven. This bantam. irrelevant nevus was so gross outing to Aylmer that he refused to snog her on the cheek. or even look at it in daytime. It drove Aylmer mad that his married woman was so close to flawlessness. His mission was to explicate a mixture to take the nevus separating his married woman as the lone most perfect being of all time formed. On the other manus. Georgiana does hold some step of power over her husband’s spirit. a power that comes non from scientific discipline but nature. For illustration. when Aylmer’s spirits flag. he asks Georgiana to sing to him. and the beauty of her voice restores his good temper. Unlike her husband’s potions. her voice is wholly natural but has a much greater consequence. In add-on. Georgiana’s nevus besides demonstrates the power of nature because it captivates and intoxicates about everyone who sees it. In the terminal. Aylmer’s effort to command nature with scientific discipline terminals merely in decease and unhappiness Georgiana’s nevus symbolizes humanity in my words. Every life thing is flawed in some manner. nature’s manner of reminding us that all populating thing Oklahoman or ulterior dies. The hand-shaped grade on Georgiana’s cheek is a blemish that marks her as person. Aylmer’s disgust for his wife’s nevus suggests the horror he feels at the chance of decease. He is a smart adult male. but his misunderstanding of the symbol on Georgiana’s face leads him astray. If anything. the symbol of decease on her cheek clangs with her natural kindness and cheery spirit. Aylmer’s ain accomplishment in scientific discipline and the medical field finally led to an single catastrophe.

Taj Mahal Tea Report Essay Example

Taj Mahal Tea Report Essay Also, to have a clear understanding of the market with respect to a particular brand and target audience. Tag Mall Tea The Champagne of Indian Tea Market For while India has romanced tea ever since the first tea plantations were laid out on the misty banks of the Paramount in the 1 sass, that was the year when the story took on a new shade. For in Thayer, in a tea tasters chamber in Kola, Brooke Bond Tag Mall Tea was born. Indians first premium brand, it emerged onto the market with a promise never made before fostering excellence to savoir the best. As palates filled with the exquisite flavor of the best tea leaves from the choicest gardens of Upper Assam, it dawned on India that the culture of tea-drinking had reached another plane. In the years that followed, Brooke Bond Tag Mall entered Indian hearts as one of the countrys most loved indigenous brands. The most remembered phase in the brands history came in the 1 sass with the signing on as brand ambassador of a young man with tousled hair, seraphic smile and exceptional skill honed by hours of practice. Kari Hussein, the rising star of Indian Classical Music, he personified the brands values. And just as he forswore all appreciation by saying Rare huzzah, way tag Billie! , Tag Mall o could rest on its laurels of having delivered to India a hazard mien eek experience. As the Old saying goes, times change and we are changed with them. As Brooke Bond Tag Mall entered the tumultuous decades of the 1 sass and asses, we kept with the times. Lives got more hectic and customers began to demand that things be delivered to them ever faster even their daily cup of tea. We will write a custom essay sample on Taj Mahal Tea Report specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Taj Mahal Tea Report specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Taj Mahal Tea Report specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer It was a challenge we took on with delight delivering tea that could be brewed faster, and yet tasted exactly how customers have always expected their cup of Tag Mall to taste. Applying our long-standing principles, we rated a new blend that would go on to become another of Indians iconic brands Brooke Bond Tag Mall Tea Bags. Launched in 1987, they were a first in India. Since then, weve never looked back. The time to rest on laurels was over. For over 4 decades, Tag Mall has been the gold standard of tea in India. It has been a pioneer of innovations in the Indian tea market the first premium tea, first to introduce tea bags, first and only tea brand in vacuum packs or the first to usher in new formats and concepts, like instant tea (in the form of Dessert Tea) Tag Mall is special because it is made from the rarest ND the best tea leaves. Brooke Bond experts go through a lot of rigor to ensure that only the best, freshest and juiciest tea leaves from a thousand go into every Tag Mall pack. Call us choosy but we want every cup of Tag Mall to give you the perfect censorial experience thats one in a thousand. BRAND AMBASSADORS: Tag is not just about tea. It is an experience; a product Of exquisite craftsmanship. So it is only fitting that the brand is personified by iconic brand ambassadors who symbolize perfection, expertise and unmatched finesse. Our first brand ambassador, Justas Kari Hussein, stood for excellence in the field of music. His accomplishments are truly spectacular. Our historic campaigns Way Tag and hazardous mien eek spoke about Squads rigor and passion for the quest of perfection, which he only found in a cup of Tag Mall. Then USAF All Khan came on board. His sophistication and refinement complimented the modern world of Tag Mall- The nab, instead of following his father onto the cricket field, chose a different path to success and became the nations heartthrob. His different approach to life perfectly matched Tats philosophy of lag Andean Of not just drinking tea, UT Smelling, Seeing and Savoring each sip. The latest to join Tats elite league is none other than Madrid Dixie-Nine. While she is looked upon as Madrid the mega star, she is equally praised for perfectly playing the role of a loving mother. This unique ability of attaining a perfect balance is the inspiration behind Tats latest campaign Glissandi, the perfect balance of strength and flavor. TAG MALL TEA VISION: Our vision is to convert tea lovers into tea connoisseurs. To this end, Tag Mall conducts tea appreciation workshops known as Tag Tea Trails. Each session takes you on a fascinating tea journey brewing to appreciating the finer aspects of tea. Key facts Tag Mall was launched in 1 966 by Brooke Bond. Status Kari Hussein, the table maestro was the brands ambassador for over a decade, exemplifying both discernment as well as the pursuit of excellence. This association is the longest association between a brand ambassador and a brand in the world. Tag Mall is the most premium brand of tea in the Indian market. It was the first brand to launch tea bags and is the only tea brand in India to be sold in Vacuum sealed packs. USAF All Khan has men the brand ambassador since 2006 Product Range Tea market in India Tea is globally one Of the most popular and cheapest beverages with major production centre in India, China, Kenya, Sir Lankan, Turkey Vietnam. The tea industry is one of the oldest organized industries in India with a large network of tea producers, retailers, distributors, auctioneers, exporters and packers. Total tea production in the world has exceeded 4 billion kegs with India producing about 1 billion keg of tea. During 2008 to 2013, black tea production in India increased at a compounded annual growth rate (CARR) of . 6% while consumption rose at a CARR of 2. 3%. Indians total annual tea production in 2013 is estimated at 1 200 million kegs out of which 65%, approximately 850 to 900 million kegs, is produced by the big tea gardens while about 250 million kegs tea is produced by small tea growers with land area ranging from 2 to 20 hectares. Tea export has remained flat over the years due to increasing competition in the global market and declining quality of tea produced in India. Thus the prices in the industry are expected to be stable with domestic consumption expected to be rising steadily. One of the oldest beverages, Tea makes one of the most competitive and challenging market both in terms of product and competition. The branded tea segment is one of the most highly penetrated branded products in India. Before analyzing the market segmentation, it is interesting to understand the product segmentation for the tea market. In terms Of product classification, the tea is usually divided into black and green tea primarily and internationally there is some variants of fruit/herbal tea, Instant tea, etc. Which has negligible penetration in the Indian market. Further in black tea, here are variants of standard and specialist black tea both in loose and packed form. With increasing disposable income and awareness on product differentiation (aroma, origin, taste etc), the loose/ standard tea is making way for more premium variants and flavors. At the same time, the increasing consumer health quotient is boosting sales for the green tea and its variants mint, lime/ lemon, classic etc. Green tea has been marketed for many health benefits such as weight loss, effective against diabetes and cancer, healthier skin, stronger immune systems and assisting in hair growth. This has not only resulted in consumption of premium segments but also given an overall push to the unit consumption price point per keg. To look at the market play, the total branded or the packaged tea (in various forms) market in India is -?9500 scores growing at a CARR of 5 percent. The branded tea in India can be classified into the packed, tea bag, and flavored tea segments whereas the unbranded segment is usually the loose tea both in unpacked or tea bag form. As per industry estimates, unpackaged tea accounts for over 45% of value sales of total tea sold in India and has a eminence presence in the rural market. With the aggressive marketing and promotional schemes along with wide distribution system, the rural market is opening wings to the branded or the packed tea brands national or regional alike. In terms of packaged or branded tea distribution, almost the entire urban India is deeply penetrated by various brands. As a typical FMC product, the karakas or independent smaller merchants account for the major channel accounting for as high as 65-70 percent of the sales followed by supermarkets and hypermarkets. The other slow emerging segment is the on-trade sales of EAI through food service formats such as tea lounges or tea cafes along with hundreds of chaw shops. Another channel of on-trade sales for packaged tea is the tea vending machines increasingly been installed in large office complexes and hospitals etc, but this channel shall witness crawling growth due to the smaller street chaw shops that appeals more to the Indian palate. Packet tea market is extremely penetrated with multiple brands with more than 300 brands in the country, dominated by HULL and Data tea which have a deep presence in both urban and rural market, across pack and variants and once together account for 30-40 percent of the total market in the packaged tea segment. The other regional / national players are Wigmaker, Dunces, Eveready, Goodrich, GAP, Garner,Spat, Thunders, Minion, Society, Marvel etc. Among the brands, Brooke Bond, Tag Mall, Red Rose, AY, Data Tea Premium, Data Tea Gold, Data Tea Again Dust, Wigmaker, Duncan, Data Tea Charka Gold etc are among the key brands sold in the branded, packaged segment though Milliner was the only prominent multinational player present in the Indian tea category and continued to be the market leader in the industry New introductions are being increasingly witnesses amongst various brands and notably by Twinning green tea variants, such as Green Tea and Mint, Green Tea and Lemon, Elastic, and Green Tea Jasmine. These trends are expected to run the market for next couple of years. Premium variants, green tea and its flavors and new flavors and fruit variants shall be launched to target consumers looking for indulgence products. Not only new products, but existing players entering into various price and variant segments and new player entry shall also be expected in packaged tea market. Consumers will also continue to shift from unpackaged to branded tea offerings. Growth is also expected via expansion Of modern retail and penetration of branded or packed tea in rural market among other factors. The RD segment shall also witness a boom and many more players shall be expected to create products with lesser differentiation. On-trade sales of packaged tea shall also be another area to watch out for as new players shall enter with various product and format offerings. Tag Malls Position in the Premium tea segment Parent Company Hindustan Milliner Category : Beverage Sector : Food Products Tagging : Way Tag, Sirs chaw nah ye hay Tag, Way Way Tag Positioning : As elegant and wonderful as Tag The brand is in the growth stage on the Product Life Cycle . This is major because the brand has maintained its product quality and has been continuously adding to the product range. On the CUBE Model, the brand is resonating. The salient features of the brand are its premiums and its exclusive selection Of teas. The brand performance is excellent on the basis of perfect balance of strength and flavor. The brand is iconic in terms of imagery. The brand is perceived as excellent and elite by the consumer. The judgment about the brand is that it is superior, has great quality and is rich in taste aroma. The feelings aroused in the consumers mind are that Tag Mall is cozy and relaxing. Moreover, it generates a feeling of nostalgia in the consumers mind due to the brands rich heritage and association in the past. Thus, the consumers are loyal and consider purchasing this product despite the high competition. Competition Tag Mall is the market leader in the premium tea market. The only major competitor is DATA Tea Gold. Other than that, increasing coffee penetration is a major threat to the tea industry.

Mental Imagery essays

Mental Imagery essays Mental Imagery: What is our Imagination? Imagine that you are fishing by a lake, sitting on the soft green grass looking into the clear blue water, and drinking a cold beer. It is possible for humans to explicitly imagine and describe this situation, even down to the colors of the beer can; but there is one problem: how does the brain allow the description of tangible objects that are not in the actual perception field? Many debates within the cognitive science realm have concerned the problem of representation, namely how mental images are represented within the mind. In the following paper, mental images are identified as the visual representations in the mind when the image does not exist in the actual visual field. Two possible explanations exist for the way in which mental images are represented: they can be represented in the mind depictively as a picture or like sentences of descriptions in a syntactic language. The Pictorialist theory of mental imagery, which has been widely argued by Stephen Kosslyn, states that mental images are similar to pictures, being somewhat spatial and the parts of the mental image corresponding to the parts of the object represented. Visual imagery involves having entities in the mind, which are like, or functionally equivalent to, inner pictures. Some inner pictures are remnants of earlier impressions, but the brain also allows the capability to create mental images that are not conceivable in real life, for example most humans can mentally imagine the appearance of a green giraffe on roller skates, even though it is very unlikely that one will ever witness this. In contrast to the Pictorialist theory, Descriptionism states that mental images are more resemblant to language structure, rather than being structured as a picture. Description theorists consider the language-like content of the mental representations involved in imagery to be perceptual, but do not feel that the format of th...

Equity and Common Law College Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Equity and Common Law College - Essay Example The courts of law in medieval times enforced the law of the king. The range of claims that these courts agreed to hear gradually became more restricted and painfully technical, and many deserving plaintiffs were denied a hearing. A plaintiff's alternative was to send a petition directly to the king, asking for mercy and conscience to decide the matter. The king regularly delegated these petitions to his chancellor who was the king's clergy and confessor. Soon the Chancery, the king's secretarial department, began to resemble a judicial body and became known as the "Court of the Chancery." By the 15th century, the judicial power of the "Chancery" was recognized. Equity as a body of rules varied from Chancellor to Chancellor until the end of the 16th century. After the end of the 17th century only lawyers were appointed to the Chancery. Equity acts as a system of decrees forcing an individual to act or forbidding an individual from acting by issuing injunctions or decrees. However in modern times a court will be reluctant to this if another solution namely monetary compensation is available. Thus the most common solution found in court system today is for a litigant to request damages in the form of monetary payment. This is the basic distinction between using equity determinations to administer the law and the law system as it exists today. Another distinction is that in the system of equity the judge is the "trier of fact"2 and a jury is not available. Here the forefathers of the United States took exception to equity courts: they wrote the VII amendment to the Constitution to ensure all citizens have the right to a jury in civil cases. A final distinction between equity and law is the source of rules of rules on which decisions are based. In law, common law is established by judges using previous decisions and p recedents. Statutory law is determined by the legislature and a statute it makes by this governing body for a judge or enforcement agency to mandate and satisfy the will of the legislators. In contrast, equity, which concentrates on fairness and flexibility, has only general guides known as the maxims of equity.A chart showing these traditional maxims has been inserted here: Among the traditional maxims are: 1 Equity regards as done that which ought to be done. 2 Equity will not suffer a wrong to be without a remedy 3 Equity delights in equality 4 One who seeks equity must do equity 5 Equity aids the vigilant, not those who slumber on their rights 6 Equity imputes an intent to fulfill an obligation 7 Equity acts in personam. 8 Equity abhors a forfeiture 9 Equity does not require an idle gesture 10 One who comes into equity must come with clean hands 11 Equity delights to do justice and not by halves 12 Equity will take jurisdiction to avoid a multiplicity of suits 13 Equity follows the law 14 Equity will not aid a volunteer 15 Between equal equities the law will prevail 16 Between equal equities the first in order of time shall prevail 17 Equity will not complete an imperfect gift 18 Equity will not allow a statute to be used as a cloak for fraud 19 Equity will not allow a trust to fail for want of a trustee Richard Edwards, Nigel Stockwell (2005). Trusts and Equity The historic objection to equity was that it had no fixed rules of origin. From time to time a Lord Chancellor would decide a

Suicidal Behavior Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Suicidal Behavior - Case Study Example Nevertheless, I have established the following cause and effect relationship for the suicidal case: Family related - an abusive father with grave personal issues such as gambling addiction (p. 86); a self-destructive mother who eventually died leaving the children to fend for themselves (p. 86); a sister as a source of envy (p. 88). Suicidal tendencies common in the family (p. 86). Self related - attempt to make people around feel guilty; tendency to blame self for the miseries happening around her (p. 95). The narrator also had the feeling of being powerless of saving the parent whom he loved very much (p. 93). Society related - being a woman at that time (stated to be 1972) was disadvantageous because of the concept of man as superior than his partner. (p. 92). There was also a lack of effectiveness for the support and rescue system such as tranquilizers only causing lethargy, uninspired trainee psychiatrist and ignorant love of nuns at the convent school (p. 85). The Cause and Effect analysis reveals many important points for the determination of the suicidal tendencies. Foremost of the reason is the abusive father who found it appropriate to make his children suffer as he did. He had a hard background and the pressure of supporting his children and his mentally challenged wife was too much for him to bear. He saw his family as people who made him suffer and so he must make them suffer. Backed by the notion that the man is the head of the family, he could have deemed it fit to treat to make his family recognize his superior masculinity, albeit, to a serious and violent degree. The patriarchal system pervading the period was also providing the justification for the abusive act. Self-destruction it appears runs in the family. The mother and sister had it as well as the narrator. However, it becomes more important to point out that such unfortunate situation can be more attributed to the unfortunate life that their parents had. The narrator's mother fended for herself at the young age of 10 while the father was forced to work and forget schooling. Misery for those misfortunes made itself known thru violence. There is also a cause and effect relationship for her survival. It is as follows: 1. Narrator successfully repressing her suicidal tendency Family related - fond memories for her mother who taught her the value of cheerfulness; a newfound sibling relationship with her

Data Requirements Strategic Supply Chain Management Essay

Data Requirements Strategic Supply Chain Management - Essay Example With these essential elements of the production process in the manufacturing of goods, the parts should be recorded in terms of the descriptions, brand and any other associated data. For instance, the term "bill of materials" may be used by various parts of the enterprise such as engineering, manufacturing, service and sales; although they may all have different definitions of what the bill of materials actually means. Even the basic terms "product" and "parts" may have several definitions within an enterprise. Since a manufacturing company makes use of numerous parts, inventory will help them with communicating clearly with other departments as to which parts are still needed or which have defects and have to be replaced, etc. An effective manufacturing product data model can lead to more integrated and comprehensive product data and information by clearly showing the information requirements of the products, parts and items throughout their life cycle from engineering to manufacturing to the deployment of products at customer locations. Relevant data which may be included in the record are the part identification number, name, and classification which may range from raw material, subassembly or finished good. Raw material is a piece used in making the product and does not need further enhancements for it to be usable. Subassembly means that the part is still composed of other parts. Finished good means that the part is completely done and processed and is ready for shipping. Product information need to indicate the product identification number, name, description, introduction date, sales discontinuation date, support discontinuation date and comments. Bills of materials and marketing packages are also part of the data required for manufacturing process. Manufacturers frequently use the term "bill of materials" to refer to how various parts are assembled into other parts and eventually into products. An enterprise may have a need to store parts used in a MARKETING PACKAGE that are never sold as individual products. Bills of materials consist of parent product identification number, child product identification number, from date, thru date, reason, quantity used, instructions and comments. Part composition has the same information with the bills of materials except for the classification which are engineering composition and manufacturing composition. Types of marketing offerings and types of parts that make up the marketing offerings are important and aside fro this inventory and deployment data should complete the data requirements for manufacturing process. Of course, there are actual physical items that may exist within the enterprise's inventory or that may be deployed at customer locations. Customer service data requirements deals with customer personal data which ranges from financial information, demographics, contact information professional and educational; background. These customer data are confidential and restricted access is provided with the creation and update of these records. While such "point deployments" bring immediate process and data efficiencies to the particular

Starbucks Micro and Macro Environment

Starbucks Micro and Macro Environment For any organisation survival depends on its surrounding environment located. It means the trends in political, economical, social, technological, environmental and legal environment, which can influence business. Below the environmental factors are described (P)olitical Issues: Taxation policy If government imposed high tax on farmers in countries producing coffee bean from where Starbucks buy their coffee, than Starbucks needs to pay higher price for their coffee they purchase. This effect will ultimately pass to the customer, because they need to higher price. Government stability Starbucks should carefully investigate the political stability of any country before they want to plan for expand to. It can affect in taxation and legislation when the government change. International stability The global economy must be carried into attention as it can affect Starbucks sales and markets. Employment law A decrease in licensing and permit costs in those countries producing the coffee bean for Starbucks will lower the production costs for farmers. (E)conomic Issues: Interest rates An increase in interest rates means investment and expansion. And also mortgage repayments rate will rise so customers have less money to spend on luxury products such as coffee. Low interest rates have the reverse effect. Economic Growth If economic growth is low in the country of location of Starbucks then sales will fall down. Customer incomes tend to go down in periods of negative growth leaving less money to spend. Inflation rates Inflation is a term for increasing prices. It is measure by using Retail Price Index (RPI) in the UK. Competitors pricing Aggressive pricing and sales from competitors creates a price war for Starbucks, which can drive down. (S)ocial Issues: Population demographics They need to identify and target their customers to aim their products on them. Attitude to work They have to find area where local population have high attitude to work. So their recruitment will be easy, training will be effective and staff turnover will be low. Standard of education/skills Creating new premises Starbucks needs to look for standards of education and skills locally. They must be up to date in order to make any business operation successful. Working conditions/health and safety They must accomplished high standard of friendly environment and follows health and safety. Location this is a major factor it should be in a easy access for both customers and staffs. (T)echnological Issus: IT development Starbucks is well aware to extend and improve its Internet facilities and also tools to target customers, analyse data, and deliver new features to the market in the shortest time. New equipments and processes The technology like as coffee making machines and the computers system development that Starbucks use to operate their till registers will enable their staff to work more quickly and efficiently. Research and Development activity Starbucks has huge budget and have allocated the resources to have accurate Research and Development data. (L)egal: Trade and product restrictions Starbucks have to ensure they dont violate laws e.g., religious laws. Also they have to be attentive on the tariffs have to paid for import / export goods. Employment law Each country has some restrictions on employment laws. Like student work law in UK, the public holidays etc. Starbucks have to account these factors. (E)nvironmental Issues: Pollution problems Customers increase a lot of rubbish that they leave the shop with their cup of coffee and then also leave it in the street. So the packaging for the cup should be carefully accounted to make it environmental friendly. Work disposal Starbucks have to carefully consider the process to dispose rubbish as there are strict laws in most countries. Micro analysis or Michael Porters five forces analysis Michael Porters has developed a famous model of the five competitive forces in his book. The competitive strategy that techniques he analysed for organizations and competitors. It tends to high light on single, stand along and business or strategic business unit rather than a single product or product range in the market. Porter has specified these five competitive forces that form every company and every market. These are: Threat of new entrance Bargaining power of suppliers The threat of substitute products Bargaining power of customers Competitive rivalry Threat of new entrance Economics of scale, high or low entry cost, ease access to the distribution channel; other cost advantages are not associated to the size of the company, whether other competitors will react. There will always be a continuous pressure for Starbucks to respond and regulate these new competitors. The easier it is for new competitor to enter the market the more competition there is within the market. Although this should not be a problem for Starbucks as they have a large number of market share. Literally, it will be a threat for the new entrants. As a companys volume increases, so does its experience and knowledge, which tends to increase the potential risk for the new competitors. Bargaining power of suppliers If little large number of suppliers control the market more than large number of fragment sources, bargaining power of supplier is expected to be high. Even suppliers got certain quantities of power that is limited. But for Starbucks being the most famous specialty coffee shop chain in the world reaching sales of $9.8 billion in 2009 and still increasing they still should be demanding coffee beans for some time. It is legal to say that the Suppliers need Starbucks, just as much, if not more so than Starbucks need their supplies. The suppliers of Arabica beans were mostly owned by medium-size farm and typically sold their production to process by local markets. (Lee, 2007) Particularly, these farms had been placed in the Pacific Rim, Latin America and East Africa. (Lee, 2007) These farms were various and not related with one another, with separation, providing them small bargaining power. Even there was no straight alternative for the Arabica beans which had been use in special coffee production. Huge group of farms which had been supply the crop processed it easy for buyers to escape burdens to any specific farmer, which was difficult for suppliers. The farmers sold the Arabica beans to specialty coffee retailers who were reliant upon their constant business. Luckily for Starbucks they buy their coffee beans directly from producing countries: Latin America (50%), Pacific Rim (35%) and East Africa (15%). Threat of substitute of products It occurs when there is a product-for-product replacement or substitution of need. For example bald head reduces the need for hair gel, where there is common substitution and finally the attitude we could always do without . An example for Starbucks would be if an alternative to coffee was offered e.g. a customer switching from coffee to tea, coffee to chill drinks or coffee to juice. Competitive rivalry: contribute to strong rivalry between existing competitors in an industry. Bargain power of buyers Buyer power is likely to be high if a number of circumstances are in place. There is an awareness of buyers, additionally if the volumes of purchases of the buyers are high, the supplying industry includes a large number of small operators, there are substitute sources of supply, the component or material cost is a high percentage of total cost, the cost of switching a supplier is low or engages little risk, there is always a risk of backward integration by the buyer. Competitive rivalry Every day competitions are growing gradually against the Starbucks as the business growth. Competitors taking chance to reduce the price, introducing a rival product, insistent growth of production to enhance the market share. Starbucks significant innovation their products which also competitors start to keep up. It is very hard for Starbucks as a competitor to keep the fixed cost against the variable cost. Starbucks dont have any other competitive rivals that are of parallel size to them. So there are not any competitors in the market that would be measured in balance with them. However, they must retain their outstanding standards and always be on the watch out for new advances in order to survive as the market leader. SWOT analysis Aim of SWOT analysis is to identify the main internal and external factors that are very significant to achieve the objective. It is essential to be realistic about the strengths and weaknesses to help differentiate the companys situation are today, and where it could be in the future. The strengths and weaknesses are named internal factors and external factors are opportunity and threats. (S)trengths It is a global coffee brand with a high reputation for excellent products and services It has around 17,000 stores in 49 countries.ÂÂ   It has strong ethical values, commitment towards the environment and community activists. It is one of the most Top 100 companies which is work for in 2005 Starbucks Gift Cards, Starbucks Card and rewards. Well-value, well train and well-motivated employees, best working place Established logo, developed brand image, copyrights, own trademarks, website and patents. (W)eaknesses It has majority market share in the USA with more than three quarters of its stores located in the domestic market. In order to reduce business risk, expansion is needed. It has a reputation for trying new products development and creativity. But, they always remain vulnerable to the possibility that their innovation can go wrong. (O)pportunity It has a chance to expand its global operations. Co-branding with other manufacturers of food and drink and brand franchising to other manufacturers of other products and services both has high potentiality of success rate. Technological advantage Emerging multinational markets New distribution channels Supply agreements (T)hreats Its success has lead many competitors and copycat brands pose potential threats for market entry. Starbucks is exposed to increases the cost of coffee and dairy products. Farmers are poorly treated by false publicity in supplying countries. Fragile state of worldwide production for specialty coffees. Isolation of younger, domestic market segments. Cultural and Political factors in foreign countries. Marketing objective and strategy Now we can identify external and internal factors of the company. Starbucks marketing objectives are being consistent with their business objectives. Significantly their marketing objectives should direct to sale. The marketing objectives should follow SMART objectives. SMART objectives are: Specific: organizations objective need to be identify what they want to achieve. Measurable: organization has to measure whether they are meeting the objectives or losing to do so. Achievable: objectives should be set, achievable and realistic. Realistic: The firm is expected to attain the objectives with the resources available. Timed: A timescale require being place for achieving the objectives. The 7th of September in 2010, the company has announced that they expand distribution of Starbucks about 13,000 stores are available at more than 55,000 locations around all over the world. Starbucks is increasing its share of the $23 billion international coffee market. (VIAÂÂ ® Ready Brew through international grocery channels in Japan, Canada and the U.K.) Starbucks has stores in forty nine different countries as well as Canada, United Kingdom, Australia, Thailand, and Singapore (Starbucks 2010). And in the U.K. total 80% coffee are selling every day, the product will be available in 2,300 grocery retailers including Tesco, Sainsbury and Waitrose, raising the total figure of distribution locations to more than 2,900 retail locations. At present, Starbucks has expended stores in forty nine different countries as well as Canada, United Kingdom, Australia, Thailand, and Singapore (Starbucks 2010). Starbucks consider which is important to have a good relationship with their customers wherever they are situated. Thats why; the company maintain the high quality products and services. This company would not be as successful as they are now. Because they are being considered without diversity as they pride it. They are identified to be recognising of various groups of people because they convey in notes for new growth prospect. Jim Donald, President and CEO of the Starbucks Corporation states, When we embrace diversity, we succeed (www.starbucks.com). Starbucks consider that without change, their company would not have matured into the highly successful global company that it has matured into today.

The Persian Gulf War: A view through the themes of individual and society :: Essays Papers

The Persian Gulf War: A view through the themes of individual and society The Persian Gulf War began in 1990 when Iraqi forces invaded the border of Kuwait. The United States led a coalition of forces between other countries eventually ending the war in 1991.1 The Persian Gulf War made many people of different backgrounds suffer by starvation, malnutrition and disease. The Iraqi leader, Saddam Hussein, was the main cause for this suffering. Problems between Iraq and Kuwait started when Kuwait gained their independence and gained protection from British. Iraq did not want to recognize Kuwait as a separate country because Iraq believed that Kuwait was in their territory. Iraq and Kuwait were both part of the Ottoman Empire in the 18th century, and Iraq thought Kuwait was still a province from the South of Iraq.2 Oil became the main problem that led to war. Iraqi leaders blamed Kuwait for pumping oil from Iraqi territory, and for not paying revenues for the oil taken out. Since Iraq had debts with Kuwait, Iraq then started harassing Kuwait. Another accusation Iraq placed on Kuwait was that Kuwait was pumping too much oil. According to the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), there is a limit of oil extraction on every country.3 All of these complaints led then to war. Kuwait did not want any confrontation and Iraq was not there to take any land away but to intimidate Kuwait. Talks between them did not help and invasion took place in August 2, 1990, when Iraq started mobilizing towards adjoining borders.4 On February 26, 1991 the war was, if not in its end, but to close to the defeat of the Iraqis by the coalition led powerfully by the United States. Public communication mainly by radio in Iraq told the contrary but not even its own people could belief victory but they all accepted defeat. Statistics showed that 148 Americans were dead, and 467 wounded. Many of these deaths or injuries were result of friendly fire. According to New York Times of September 1990, 200,000 Iraqis died.5 The main task for the world and the coalition was to stop Saddam Hussein, Iraq’s Mandatary.

Concept of Service Profit Chain for Apple

The Service-Profit Chain Today by by James L. Heskett, W. Earl Sasser, Joseph Wheeler Relevance Today The service-profit chain (SPC) is as relevant today as it was when we wrote about it in â€Å"Putting the Service-Profit Chain to Work,† in the March 1994 issue of Harvard Business Review. In fact, three of the co-authors of that article have since left the academy to apply SPC principles in the business world. Company Examples Highly successful companies like Bouygues Telecom in France (now the third largest in its markets in the ten years since its founding) and ING DIRECT (now the 17th largest bank in the U.S. after just seven years) have been created since then, based on service-profit chain (SPC) relationships. Others, such as Rackspace Hosting (engaged in Web site design and management), Westpac (one of Australia’s leading banks), CEMEX (one of the world’s largest cement companies, based in Mexico), Harrah’s Entertainment (a leader in branded casino entertainment, based in Reno, Nevada), and Baptist Health Care (a not-for-profit health care organization centered in northwest Florida and southern Alabama), have been revitalized through actions suggested by SPC relationships.Positive examples of SPC practice are commonly found in companies at the top of Fortune’s 100 Best Places to Work and the Wall Street Journal’s best-performing companies. Other companies, such as Circuit City, provide examples of what happens when organizations manage themselves into a â€Å"doom loop† of negative SPC relationships. In March 2007, Circuit City announced that it would replace 3,400 of its more experienced, higher-paid salespeople with new, lower-paid hires. In so doing, it damaged customer satisfaction and ultimately suffered the financial consequences. Service-Profit Chain AnalysisIn the past 14 years literally hundreds of academic studies have examined one or more of the seven links in the service-profit chain we describ ed in our 1994 article. (David Maister, author of Practice What You Preach: What Managers Must Do to Create a High Achievement Culture (New York: The Free Press, 2001), proved in an extensive study the cause-and-effect relationships that exist between various elements of the SPC. ) Of the studies that have been done, all but a handful have confirmed the relationships in all kinds of for-profit and not-for-profit service activities.Some researchers have taken issue with certain of our hypotheses. In particular, several have found weak or negative relationships between employee satisfaction and productivity and between customer satisfaction and financial measures. In part, this can be explained by sudden management actions that have not yet been fully felt throughout the SPC. For example, changes in such things as staffing policies and organizational structure produce effects that may temporarily disrupt relationships between measures of employee and customer satisfaction. The Importa nce of All the Links in the ChainAs we have continued our work, we have learned, among other things, that: * An organization and its leadership can’t â€Å"cherry pick† ideas or focus on single relationships in the SPC; for maximum effectiveness, all of them must be addressed. * Firms performing well on one SPC dimension are probably doing well on others, too. * It all begins with the first link between the quality of the workplace and employee satisfaction. This link includes such variables as employee selection and recognition, as well as amenities and benefits designed to help employees achieve results for customers and themselves.Companies such as SAS (a leader in business intelligence and predictive analytics software, headquartered in Cary, NC) and Wegmans supermarkets (a regional chain centered in the northeast U. S. ) that invest deeply in workplace quality are consistently found near the top of the list of best places to work in the US. * There are patterns of practice that lead to SPC success. For example, many best-practice organizations have been built on teams of employees with latitude to hire, develop, and, if necessary, fire team members and with responsibility for the growth and profitability of a piece of the business. Customers that we termed â€Å"apostles† in 1994 drive most or all of a firm’s profits through what we have more recently come to think of as the five Rs of customer or employee â€Å"ownership†: retention, related sales, referral, recruitment, and research and development. Wegmans Supermarkets Take the case of Wegmans supermarkets. The company’s mission is to â€Å"set our goal to be the very best at serving our customers. Every action we take should be made with our customers in mind. We also believe that we can achieve our goal only if we fulfill the needs of our own people. At Wegmans, these are more than just words. According to Fortune, Wegmans has ranked in the top five places t o work in the U. S. for several years. In part, this is because CEO Danny Wegman and his team seek to create exciting experiences — centered around food — for both their employees and their customers. This even involves sending selected employees to Europe to study the practices of chefs creating gourmet cuisine. After interacting with employees, a surprising number of the company’s customers apply for jobs, self-selecting into an organization they believe in.A substantial portion of the company’s marketing effort fosters word-of-mouth referrals from existing customers. Ideas for new food items, recipes, and presentations are regularly solicited from and provided by customers and employees. As a result, Wegmans delivers unmatched value in spite of prices that are sometimes higher than competitors’. This, in turn, leads to profitable performance and growth in a very competitive business. Customers and Employees as â€Å"Apostles†Following the publication of â€Å"Putting the Service-Profit Chain to Work,† the work of two of us (Heskett and Sasser, in cooperation with Joe Wheeler) has focused on the payoffs from applying service-profit chain concepts to groups of employees and customers that exhibit what we call â€Å"owner† behaviors. Findings from this work will comprise the contents of our new book, The Ownership Quotient, to be published by Harvard Business Press later in 2008. These employees and customers aren’t just satisfied, loyal, and willing to recommend a company or its products or services to others.They are â€Å"apostles† who actually recruit others to an organization–either as a place to work or to bring their business. And they recommend improvements in how a product is designed or a service delivered, often through constructive complaints that are noted, processed, and acted upon by companies that foster â€Å"owner† behaviors. Our attention to â€Å"ownersâ₠¬  was captured when we found that in the organizations we have studied so far, a customer/owner is worth more than a hundred price-sensitive, non-loyal customers.Organizations that understand this, such as Harrah’s Entertainment and Rackspace Hosting, have designed ways of identifying and catering to customer/owners, often by creating ownership attitudes among their employees. These organizations build ownership in a number of ways: * They organize around cross-functional teams of employees, each of which is responsible for managing itself and developing relationships with a group of dedicated customers. (For example, at Rackspace Hosting, teams of â€Å"Rackers† are responsible for building business relationships with assigned groups of customers seeking help in managing their Web sites. * They carefully select the customers they will serve. (For example, at ING DIRECT, desired customers for on-line banking are targeted and others are â€Å"fired. †) * They u se firm-wide databases that enable employees to share information in order to tailor products and services to customer needs. (For example, Harrah’s Entertainment has a Total Rewards customer database. ) * They understand and meet individual customer needs and interests. (For example, employees at Build-A-Bear Workshops are trained to look for and respond to needs of individual customers in the store itself, as well as those who visit the company’s Web site. * They often engage customers in the delivery of a product. (For example, IKEA customers are encouraged to transport and assemble their furniture purchases themselves. ) * They identify values, behaviors, measures, and actions necessary to build and maintain an ownership mentality. (For example, Baptist Health Care has identified the critical elements of its organizational culture: integrity, vision, innovation, superior service, stewardship, and teamwork. ) Concept of Service Profit Chain for Apple The Service-Profit Chain Today by by James L. Heskett, W. Earl Sasser, Joseph Wheeler Relevance Today The service-profit chain (SPC) is as relevant today as it was when we wrote about it in â€Å"Putting the Service-Profit Chain to Work,† in the March 1994 issue of Harvard Business Review. In fact, three of the co-authors of that article have since left the academy to apply SPC principles in the business world. Company Examples Highly successful companies like Bouygues Telecom in France (now the third largest in its markets in the ten years since its founding) and ING DIRECT (now the 17th largest bank in the U.S. after just seven years) have been created since then, based on service-profit chain (SPC) relationships. Others, such as Rackspace Hosting (engaged in Web site design and management), Westpac (one of Australia’s leading banks), CEMEX (one of the world’s largest cement companies, based in Mexico), Harrah’s Entertainment (a leader in branded casino entertainment, based in Reno, Nevada), and Baptist Health Care (a not-for-profit health care organization centered in northwest Florida and southern Alabama), have been revitalized through actions suggested by SPC relationships.Positive examples of SPC practice are commonly found in companies at the top of Fortune’s 100 Best Places to Work and the Wall Street Journal’s best-performing companies. Other companies, such as Circuit City, provide examples of what happens when organizations manage themselves into a â€Å"doom loop† of negative SPC relationships. In March 2007, Circuit City announced that it would replace 3,400 of its more experienced, higher-paid salespeople with new, lower-paid hires. In so doing, it damaged customer satisfaction and ultimately suffered the financial consequences. Service-Profit Chain AnalysisIn the past 14 years literally hundreds of academic studies have examined one or more of the seven links in the service-profit chain we describ ed in our 1994 article. (David Maister, author of Practice What You Preach: What Managers Must Do to Create a High Achievement Culture (New York: The Free Press, 2001), proved in an extensive study the cause-and-effect relationships that exist between various elements of the SPC. ) Of the studies that have been done, all but a handful have confirmed the relationships in all kinds of for-profit and not-for-profit service activities.Some researchers have taken issue with certain of our hypotheses. In particular, several have found weak or negative relationships between employee satisfaction and productivity and between customer satisfaction and financial measures. In part, this can be explained by sudden management actions that have not yet been fully felt throughout the SPC. For example, changes in such things as staffing policies and organizational structure produce effects that may temporarily disrupt relationships between measures of employee and customer satisfaction. The Importa nce of All the Links in the ChainAs we have continued our work, we have learned, among other things, that: * An organization and its leadership can’t â€Å"cherry pick† ideas or focus on single relationships in the SPC; for maximum effectiveness, all of them must be addressed. * Firms performing well on one SPC dimension are probably doing well on others, too. * It all begins with the first link between the quality of the workplace and employee satisfaction. This link includes such variables as employee selection and recognition, as well as amenities and benefits designed to help employees achieve results for customers and themselves.Companies such as SAS (a leader in business intelligence and predictive analytics software, headquartered in Cary, NC) and Wegmans supermarkets (a regional chain centered in the northeast U. S. ) that invest deeply in workplace quality are consistently found near the top of the list of best places to work in the US. * There are patterns of practice that lead to SPC success. For example, many best-practice organizations have been built on teams of employees with latitude to hire, develop, and, if necessary, fire team members and with responsibility for the growth and profitability of a piece of the business. Customers that we termed â€Å"apostles† in 1994 drive most or all of a firm’s profits through what we have more recently come to think of as the five Rs of customer or employee â€Å"ownership†: retention, related sales, referral, recruitment, and research and development. Wegmans Supermarkets Take the case of Wegmans supermarkets. The company’s mission is to â€Å"set our goal to be the very best at serving our customers. Every action we take should be made with our customers in mind. We also believe that we can achieve our goal only if we fulfill the needs of our own people. At Wegmans, these are more than just words. According to Fortune, Wegmans has ranked in the top five places t o work in the U. S. for several years. In part, this is because CEO Danny Wegman and his team seek to create exciting experiences — centered around food — for both their employees and their customers. This even involves sending selected employees to Europe to study the practices of chefs creating gourmet cuisine. After interacting with employees, a surprising number of the company’s customers apply for jobs, self-selecting into an organization they believe in.A substantial portion of the company’s marketing effort fosters word-of-mouth referrals from existing customers. Ideas for new food items, recipes, and presentations are regularly solicited from and provided by customers and employees. As a result, Wegmans delivers unmatched value in spite of prices that are sometimes higher than competitors’. This, in turn, leads to profitable performance and growth in a very competitive business. Customers and Employees as â€Å"Apostles†Following the publication of â€Å"Putting the Service-Profit Chain to Work,† the work of two of us (Heskett and Sasser, in cooperation with Joe Wheeler) has focused on the payoffs from applying service-profit chain concepts to groups of employees and customers that exhibit what we call â€Å"owner† behaviors. Findings from this work will comprise the contents of our new book, The Ownership Quotient, to be published by Harvard Business Press later in 2008. These employees and customers aren’t just satisfied, loyal, and willing to recommend a company or its products or services to others.They are â€Å"apostles† who actually recruit others to an organization–either as a place to work or to bring their business. And they recommend improvements in how a product is designed or a service delivered, often through constructive complaints that are noted, processed, and acted upon by companies that foster â€Å"owner† behaviors. Our attention to â€Å"ownersâ₠¬  was captured when we found that in the organizations we have studied so far, a customer/owner is worth more than a hundred price-sensitive, non-loyal customers.Organizations that understand this, such as Harrah’s Entertainment and Rackspace Hosting, have designed ways of identifying and catering to customer/owners, often by creating ownership attitudes among their employees. These organizations build ownership in a number of ways: * They organize around cross-functional teams of employees, each of which is responsible for managing itself and developing relationships with a group of dedicated customers. (For example, at Rackspace Hosting, teams of â€Å"Rackers† are responsible for building business relationships with assigned groups of customers seeking help in managing their Web sites. * They carefully select the customers they will serve. (For example, at ING DIRECT, desired customers for on-line banking are targeted and others are â€Å"fired. †) * They u se firm-wide databases that enable employees to share information in order to tailor products and services to customer needs. (For example, Harrah’s Entertainment has a Total Rewards customer database. ) * They understand and meet individual customer needs and interests. (For example, employees at Build-A-Bear Workshops are trained to look for and respond to needs of individual customers in the store itself, as well as those who visit the company’s Web site. * They often engage customers in the delivery of a product. (For example, IKEA customers are encouraged to transport and assemble their furniture purchases themselves. ) * They identify values, behaviors, measures, and actions necessary to build and maintain an ownership mentality. (For example, Baptist Health Care has identified the critical elements of its organizational culture: integrity, vision, innovation, superior service, stewardship, and teamwork. )

Asda Marketing Plan The WritePass Journal

Asda Marketing Plan Abstract Asda Marketing Plan )[4]. Tactics Action Given the above, the main tactic for ASDA s to re-position itself in the market, remove this constant focus on price and look to focus more on ethical issues such as sustainability, which in turn may suggest quality. To do this, the retailer has a number of actions: ASDA will move to focus on local; putting its focus on supplying more UK produce in-stores, having dedicated aisles in superstores to local producers. The benefit here will not only be from higher sales of these goods, put also of the positive PR which could arise through supporting local farmers, and local communities. This is essentially classed as differentiation; the retailer will be introducing new products to do so. ASDA will also look to introduce convenience aisles into superstores. This will be seen as segmentation,[5] looking to attract a new set of customers to its stores who may have previously left as they prefer to do ‘little-and-often’ shops. This can be marketed by ASDA to target these specific customers. Budget This section will now discuss the budget for such a change in strategy. The main costs to the business will be seen as the marketing. For instance, when it comes to the ‘convenience aisle’, it could be noted that the infrastructure is already there; the stores will simply have to shuffle around stock to create the new aisle. When it comes to introducing the new products, the costs may be more down to developing the local links, with the suppliers themselves bearing the costs associated with producing the goods. Rather than a major financial cost, the introduction of more local products may be more time consuming for ASDA, given that they will need to ensure that the new products are in-keeping with the goals of the business, both in terms of pricing and quality (Ferrell, 2012)[6]. Marketing will be done through all ’traditional’ channels given the mass-market appeal of ASDA and the fierce competition within the UK grocery sector. While this would involve a higher cost than say digital marketing opportunities, it would be hoped that print advertisements and TV commercial will draw more attention, and so inform more customers. However, digital marketing could also be used, especially when it comes to advertisements through social media, and targeted banner ads which can be used online. Control Control remains an important consideration, both in terms of ensuring a level of consistency in the marketing message as well as also monitoring the return on investment (hereafter ROI). When it comes to consistency, while marketing could change to reflect changes in the marketplace, the business must look to maintain its ‘core’ message. For instance, while the focus on new marketing campaigns may be on local produce, the core message remains with the slogan ‘Save Money, Live Better’. Too much of change may lead to current customers becoming detached with the business and its values. Control will also come with ROI. Essentially, all businesses need to ensure that their marketing spend is generating business. New, digital marketing allows businesses to track this, with businesses able to use tools such as Google Analytics to view web traffic etc. (Chaffey, 2012)[7]. Traditional marketing may be harder to manage in terms of ROI, given that it is harder to distinguish how a certain poster/ TV commercial may have driven demand. However, if ASDA move forward with a unified campaign, so changing all marketing to reflect a single message, then the business can understand the potential ROI of the campaign. Recommendation/ Conclusion To conclude, ASDA has in the past focused its marketing plan on price, looking to drive consumption through low prices. This is itself would not be considered ‘ethical consumerism’, given that some of the lower prices products could be viewed as a damage to the environment. However, this strategy has now placed ASDA into a market segment which is seeing more competition, at a time when the size of the market may be slowing, given improving economics in the UK[8]. To combat this, ASDA has an opportunity to diversify its product range into a more ‘premium’ space; be it the expansion of their ‘Extra Special’ range, or through the introduction of more local products and brands (Perreault, 2010)[9]. The focus on UK produce could provide ASDA with a ‘Unique Selling Point’; which could allow the business to justify higher pricing, noted in Fifield (2012)[10]. This may also improve the organisations ethical position as it suggests that ASDA is considering sustainability in its wider supply-chain; given that more food is local, opposed to international, reducing the ‘distance’ of the supply chain, potentially being seen as more environmentally friendly. However, at the same time, the retailer must be wary that any change to its pricing may impact on its core customers. In the end, this may further impact on market share, however this is seen as a potential risk of an opportunity. The recommendation for ASDA is that is moves forward with a change in marketing, highlighting developments in both local sourcing as well as convenience. However, ASDA must look to control this movement, and potentially monitor the opportunity. This could be done through monitoring sales of, as well as monitoring footfall into stores. References Armstrong, G., Kotler, P., Harker, M., Brennan, R. (2012). Marketing: an introduction. Pearson Prentice-Hall, London. Chaffey, D., Ellis-Chadwick, F. (2012). Digital marketing, London, Pearson Higher Ed. Ferrell, O. C., Hartline, M. (2012). Marketing strategy, text and cases, London, Nelson Education. Ferrell, O. C., Fraedrich, J. (2015). Business ethics: Ethical decision making cases, London, Nelson Education. Fifield, P. (2012). Marketing strategy, London, Routledge. Gale. (2016) [Online]. How long will Aldi and Lidls onslaught last?, Available at managementtoday.co.uk/long-will-aldi-lidls-onslaught-last/future-business/article/1386497, Accessed 17.12.2016. Kantar Worldpanel. (2016) [Online]. UK Grocery Market Share, Available at kantarworldpanel.com/global/grocery-market-share/great-britain, Accessed 17.12.2016. Perreault, W. D. (2010). Essentials of marketing: A marketing strategy planning approach, London, Pearson. Perreault Jr, W., Cannon, J., McCarthy, E. J. (2013). Basic marketing, London, McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Peter, J. P., Donnelly, J. H. (2011). Marketing management: knowledge and skills: text, analysis, cases, plans, London, Pearson. Ruddick, G. (2014) [Online]. It may already be too late for Tesco and Sainsburys, the rise of Aldi and Lidl looks unstoppable, Available at telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/retailandconsumer/10974773/It-may-already-be-too-late-for-Tesco-and-Sainsburys-the-rise-of-Aldi-and-Lidl-looks-unstoppable.html, Accessed 19.12.2016. Wood, S., McCarthy, D. (2014). The UK food retail ‘race for space’and market saturation: A contemporary review. The International Review of Retail, Distribution and Consumer Research, 24(2), 121-144.

RHEUMATIC Essays - Medicine, RTT, Clinical Medicine, Health

RHEUMATIC Essays - Medicine, RTT, Clinical Medicine, Health RHEUMATIC FEVER Neelakantan Viswanathan It is an acute inflammatory disease of children and young adults caused by infection with pharyngeal strains of Group A beta haemolytic streptococci (serotypes 3,5,18,24). It is not due to a direct infection or toxin production but due to an autoimmune reaction triggered by molecular mimicry between the M proteins of the infecting Streptococcus pyogenes and cardiac myosin and the sarcolemmal membrane protein, laminin. During active carditis, helper CD4 lymphocytes increase in number and the ratio of CD4 to CD8 cells increase in the heart valves and peripheral blood. All patients with acute rheumatic fever demonstrate a non-HLA alloantigen which is expressed on the B cells (D8/17). HLA DR1,2,3,4,7 and 53 have also been linked to acute rheumatic fever. The mean age of onset is 5-15 years being prevalent in the developing world and is rare in Europe and North America. The time taken for rheumatic fever to develop after an attack of streptococcal pharyngitis is about 2 weeks. It is said to" lick" the joints but "bite" the heart. The other organs affected are the central nervous system and the skin. Overcrowding and poor sanitation may augment the spread amongst people. Valvular heart disease that is chronic and progressive is the end result in about 50 % of those affected. There is no gender predilection but mitral stenosis and chorea occur more commonly in females. About 1.5 million people have rheumatic heart disease in India but the incidence is declining nowadays due to improvement in sanitation. It is a pancarditis affecting all layers of the heart.The characteristic lesion is the Aschoff nodule, composed of multinucleated giant cells, having elongated nuclei with distinct chromatin pattern, surrounded by macrophages and T lymphocytes,occurring in the subendocardium of the left ventricle, and consists of a granulomatous lesion with an area of central fibrinoid necrosis. Anichkov's myocytes are cells containing these elongated "caterpillar" or "owl- eye" nuclei. Mac Callum's patch in the left atrial wall above the posterior mitral valve leaflet, which is thick and rough, is a predisposing lesion for infective endocarditis, where vegetations form. Small vegetations may occur on the endocardium (on the valves) and valvular regurgitation results to a certain degree. A serofibrinous effusion may occur in the pericardium. During the acute inflammation, subcutaneous nodules and synovitis occur. The large joints are affected as opposed to predominant small joints involvement in rheumatoid arthritis. Diagnosis of acute rheumatic fever is based on revised Duckett Jones criteria (1992) which requires the presence of at least two major or one major with two minor criteria to make a diagnosis, associated with evidence of a preceding streptococcal infection. MAJOR CRITERIA: 1. Carditis 2. Polyarthritis 3. Subcutaneous nodules 4. Erythema marginatum 5. Chorea MINOR CRITERIA: 1. Arthralgia 2. Fever 3. Leucocytosis 4. Elevated ESR and/or C-reactive protein 5. Prolonged PR interval in electrocardiogram ( First degree heart block) 6. Previous rheumatic fever EVIDENCE OF PRECEDING STREPTOCOCCAL INFECTION: A history of recent scarlet fever or ASLO titre (anti-stretolysin O titre > 250 Todd units in adults and > 333 in children or a positive rapid streptococcal antigen test. Other streptococcal antibodies are anti- hyaluronidase , anti- DNase and anti-streptokinase or a positive Streptozyme test. Throat cultures, if positive , for streptococci would be ideal. In this part of the world, we encounter many other manifestations of rheumatic fever as 1.Rheumatic pneumonia or pleural effusions 2.Abdominal pain (due to mesenteric adenitis commonly) 3.Epistaxis ( recurrent) Clinical features: CARDITIS : is classically a pancarditis characterized by pericarditis, myocarditis and endocarditis.It may be manifested by chest pain, pericardial rub and effusion , tachycardia out of proportion to fever , muffled heart sounds, gallop, low cardiac output and rarely syncope. Cardiomegaly and a "mushy" quality of the first heart sound are also encountered. Endocarditis is characterized by fever and changing murmurs. A murmur of mitral regurgitation is the most common while Carey Coombs murmur ( mid diastolic murmur at the apex) due to acute rheumatic valvulitis and a murmur of aortic regurgitation may also occur. Congestive heart failure with hepatic congestion are recognized features. Echocardiographically, since the left ventricular systolic function is preserved the cardiac failure is due to valve dilatation and not due to myocarditis. ST-T wave changes, reduction in QRS voltages, first degree AV block and other conduction defects may feature in the electrocardiogram . SUBCUTANEOUS NODULES: usually occur over bony prominences as olecranon, external occipital protuberance and vertebral bodies.They measure 0.5-2 cm in size. They go hand in hand with carditis and are firm and painless. They may also occur over joints and tendons. They have a histological pattern resembling Aschoff nodules. ARTHRITIS: is classically a polyarthritis which is

Does lupron provide a better outcome for first line treatment in Thesis

Does lupron provide a better outcome for first line treatment in advanced prostate cancer - Thesis Example Introduction In spite of all the dramatic advances in the understanding of disease processes, medical science and medical technologies, cancer remains a disease of special focus in present times, because of the challenges that it continues to pose as a life threatening disease. Most of the cancer diseases tend to be chronic, with a strong possibility of causing the death of the individual, yet take years to develop, before presenting any signs and symptoms of the disease. There is limited clarity in how cancer diseases develop and the exact etiology of most cancers is yet to be clearly defined. Treatment of many cancers involves employing repeated interventions and multiple approaches at the different stages of the disease. The treatment strategy in many of the cancer diseases is more of hope at curing the patients and with the more definite aim of managing the disease, so as to extend the period of survival, with better quality of life in terms of comfort alertness, and function. In the United States of America (U.S.A) the disease of cancer continues to remain a major concern in society, as many of the modern diseases show a declining trend, bit in the case of the cancer diseases more people are developing the disease over the few decades (Grenwald, 2002). Prostate cancer is a cancer that affects the male gender only. Widespread use of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening is used in U.S.A. to detect prostate cancer, while it is clinically localized, so that the many forms of interventions available for the early stage of prostate cancer may be used in an attempt to cure the patient of the disease. Yet, many patients still present themselves in hospitals demonstrating evidence of progressive, metastatic, or recurrent prostate cancer. Limited effective treatment strategies are possible in advanced prostate cancer, and in many of the cases, the disease progresses to the palliative care stage. In 2008, 28,660 men died in the U.S.A from prostate cancer, making it the most common malignant disease in men. This statistic points to the need for identifying the treatment strategies that provide the best outcomes for advanced prostate cancer in men, so as to improve the outcome for these patients (Phillips & Petrylak, 2010). 2. Literature Review 2.1. Development of Prostrate Cancer Every cancer has been found to be associated or suspected of association with risk factors. In the case of prostate cancer, evidence from studies have shown that the environmental exposures and dietary nutrients, family history, advancement in age and hormonal factors in conjunction act to alter the genetic architecture in the individual, supporting the proliferation of prostate cancer cells. The use of epidemiological data emphasizes the possibility of environmental factors in the development of prostate cancer. For example, Asians as a racial group are less prone to prostate cancer, for which their poor hygiene and diet are believed to be the cause. This can be s een from Asian migrants in the

Amazon Versus Borders Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Amazon Versus Borders - Research Paper Example However, the winds of change, increased competition, effect of poor investment decisions and other factors hit hard in 2007 when the company begun selling off its international subsidiaries and company stocks fell to a six-year-low of $12.28 per share (Bomey, 2011). Borders never recovered and spiraled to its liquidation in July 2011. Amazon was started in 1995 by Jeff Bezos in a two-car garage in Bellevue, Washington. In May 15, 1997 Amazon.com went public (Amazon.com, 2012a). By end of 1998, the company had opened music and DVD stores and launched international sites in Germany and the UK. in 1999, due the company’s phenomenal growth that saw it include numerous services such as zShops, auctions and an array of products from electronics to toys to home improvement, the founder and CEO, Jeff Bezos was named TIME Magazine â€Å"Person Of The Year†. Amazon launched Web Services in 2002, the kindle in 2007 and by 2008 it had over 76 million active customers’ ac counts and order fulfillment to more than 200 countries. An interesting fact is that whereas it took Wal-Mart 20 years to realize annual revenues of over US $5 billion, Amazon achieved this feat in 8 years (Amazon.com, 2012b; Chaffey, 2012). Amazon has moved from selling only online books to selling a wide array of products and services. Even though both Borders and Amazon were founded with their core activity being the sale of books, the former chose to focus in its earlier products whereas the latter kept adding two new product categories for almost every year of its existence. However, it is neither the product focus of Borders nor Amazon’s diversified product base that explains there very different fortunes. Of course, one of the more obvious factors that led to the demise of Borders and the rise of Amazon was their management’s approach towards the Internet as a sales outlet as well as a tool for marketing, branding and growth. According to Evans (2011), Borde rs greatest failed to adequately address the internet sales channel and worse still they opted to outsource what in retrospect turned out to be a game changer in the book selling industry. We however, think it not fair to judge Borders managers so quickly without a deeper understanding of how organizations make strategic change. To begin with, much of the disruptive change to the book retail and publishing industry took place between the mid-1990s to the early 2000s. This implies that whereas Amazon was getting born within this disruptive environment, Borders had already been in operation for two decades. Borders therefore had already within it an engrained culture which dictated how it operated. According to Johnson (1992) managers respond to situation in ways which are in line with the paradigm and the cultural, social and political norms of their organizational life. This way one could argue that while the industry was undergoing a major change, Borders managers did that which is natural for managers in any organization to do, which is to deal with the situation in terms of their existing paradigm. On the other hand, having been founded in such a disruptive environment, Amazon adopted the culture of a learning organization right from the outset. Thus we believe the first reason why Borders, although